(B) MAIN DIVISIONS OF THE ALPS
(p) South-Eastern Alps
Ancient geographers, and those who have followed their example, use the terms Carnic Alps and Julian Alps to designate two of the main divisions of the Alps; nut the latter of these at least has been applied in a vague and inconsistent way. In point of fact, the south-eastern portion of the Alps, which includes both the groups above specified. Presents three principal groups which are very closely connected together. The first of these --- the Carnic Alps, properly so called --- have been defined as including the region between the upper valley of the Drave and the plain of Friuli. But to the orographer the true head of the Drave valley is the Gailthal, which extends in an almost straight and broad trench from near Innichen to Villach, while the main stream flows through a sinuous and contracted valley. For this reason we have taken the Gailthal as the boundary between the Central fyrol and the Carnic Alps. Almost continuous with the Carnic Alps is a range, very similar in geological structure, which divides the Drave from the northern branch of the Save, and includes the mountains locally known as the Karawankasand the Sulzbacher Alps. Throughout these, which may be called the main range of the South-Eastern Alps, palæozonic rocks, probably of carboniferous age, extend in a narrow band for a distance of fully 100 miles, giving place at the eastern extremity to the small granitic mass that forms the hills of the Bacher Gebirge near Marburg. On the south side of the main range of the Carnic Alps two mountain masses, mainly formed of Triassic rocks and Dachstein limestone, attain a considerable height in the Monte Cavallo on the west, and the Monte Canin on the east side of Friuli. In a similar position as regards the Karawankas is a still loftier mass which is crowned by the Terglou --- the highest peak of the South-Eastern Alps. This group is referred by geographers to the Julian Alps, which are said to divide the Save and its tributaries from the Adriatic. As has been already said, there is no range to which the term Alps can properly be applied forming such a boundary. The plateau of the Karst, though rising here and there into bills of moderate height, has an average elevation of about 2000 feet above the sea, and cannot correctly be spoken as a mountain chain. The orographer, if seeking an eastern prolongation to the Terglou group, would prefer the hilly region between the Save and the southern Gurk; nut the low country through which the railway is carried from Marburg to Laybach, and the road thence to Gorizia, may for all practical purposes be taken as the south-eastern limit of the Laps and of the division here described.
Chief Peaks of the South-Eastern Alps.
Monte Paralba……………. 9,097 Ovir……………………….. 7,001
Kellerwand………… about. 9,500 Grintouz………………….. 8,386
Monte Cridola……………. 8,474 Oistritza…………………… 7,701
Monte Premaggiore……… 8,127 Bacher Gebirge (Velka
Monte Cavallo……………. 7,377 Kappa)…………….. 5,041
Monte Crostis…………….. 7,384 Mangart…………………… 8,776
Jof di Montasio……. about. 9,000 Terglou……………………. 9,371
Monte Canin (Prestrelenick)8,711 Krn………………………… 7,358
Stou………………………... 7,326 Kuk………………………… 6,829
Koschutta…………………. 6,895
Chief Passes of the South-Eastern Alps.
Kartischer Joch (Sillian to Tilliach), carriage road……………. 5,363
Passo di Mauria (Ampezzo to Pieve di Cadore), carriage road.. 4,191
Piano di Sappada (San Stefano to Forno Avoltri), car rd about. 4,100
Giogo Veranis (Forno Avoltri to Lorenzen), footpath…………. 7,521
Wolaver Joch (Forno Avoltri to Kotschach, footpath…………. 6,563
Monte Croce (Tolmezzo to Kotschach), bridle-path…………… 4,337
Nosfeld Pass (Pontebba to Hermagor), footpath…………about. 5,000
Saifnitz Pass (Pontebba to Tarvis), carriage road…………….. 2,682
Predil Pass (Tarvis to Flitsch), carriage road………………….. 3,822
Wurzener berg (Villach to Wurzen), carriage road…………… 3,497
Loibl Pass (Neumarktl to Unterbergen), carriage road………. 4,445
Seeberg Pass (Krainburg to Kappel), carriage road…………... 3,976
St Leonhard Sattel (Kappel to Sulzbach), bridle-path………… 4,666
Schkaria Pass (Sulzbach to Stein), footpath……………………. 6,198
Worschez Sattel (Flitsch to Kronau), footpath…………………. 5,254
Kerma Pass (Moistrana to Feistritz), footpath…………………. 6,332
Skarbinja Joch (Tolmino to Feistritz), footpath…………about. 6,000
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The Alps - Table of Contents